Conserving Kathmandu Valley’s stone spouts

Of 573 spouts in the Valley, 94 have completely perished, while the rest function seasonally.

In 2019, the Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board (KVWSMB) published a nearly 900-page book titled Stone Spouts and Ponds of Kathmandu Valley . The book reported that of 573 spouts documented in the Valley, 94 have completely perished, while the rest function seasonally. The collapse of this sophisticated water system was not simply a cultural loss but also the destruction of an urban infrastructure network that sustained the Valley population for more than 1,500 years.