Analysis of Three Communist Ideological Trends: Eurocommunism, Jajumo, and Latin American Socialism

In the 1990s, the global communist movement was historically defensive. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the fall of the Berlin Wall, Marxism-Leninism itself was questioned. Rumors spread that the communist movement was over and had no future. The bourgeoisie rejoiced. Eastern Europe attempted to convey the message that the communist movement had been wiped out globally by demolishing Lenin's statues. Amidst this ideological confusion and clamor, Madan Bhandari, in 1993, presented the theoretical framework of People's Multiparty Democracy (Jajumo) with the slogan of opposing revisionism and creatively applying Marxism for Nepal, thus attempting to preserve the communist movement in Nepal.

For nearly two decades prior, communist parties in Western Europe had already adopted the path of 'Eurocommunism.' Similarly, at the dawn of the new millennium, the Latin American continent was embarking on a new type of experiment, 'Socialism of the 21st Century.' There is a notable similarity at the core of all three ideological phenomena.